What is Juneteenth and Why Do We Celebrate?
Some of you may not be aware of this but America actually has two Independence Days. One celebrates America's freedom from Britain's rule.
Another holiday, Juneteenth, commemorates a day when a Union General came into Texas and gave an order to actually end slavery.
Emancipation Proclamation take care of that?" And my answer to you is this: You actually thought the Confederate states obeyed the law?!
Okay. Sure. On January 1st, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln declared all slaves held in the Confederate States to be free. But that news never reached the Texas slaves and there are many theories as to why.
Maybe someone literally murdered the messenger that was sent to Texas to inform them. Maybe, in typical Confederate fashion, they withheld some information from the slaves. Some historians believe that since the Civil War wasn't over yet the lack of Union Army presence in Texas made it hard for Lincoln's proclamation to be enforced.
Nonetheless, it was cotton-picking business as usual in Texas despite the proclamation. Some slave owners in neighboring states moved their slaves to Texas because they thought that the Confederate Army would eventually win the war and when it was over they could get their "property" back.
So when Union General Gordon Granger rode into Galveston, Texas with Union soldiers behind him and saw all of these slaves he decided to make an announcement on June 19, 1865.
First off a proclamation was made by the President to free all these slaves two and a half years ago.
Second, you are no longer slave owners and slaves. You're employers and those are your hired workers.
Some slaves dipped out of there before Granger could even finish his announcement. Other slaves decided to go and leave the state so that they could repair their families that were torn apart by the slave trade. Others decided to fly up north. And they live happily ever after, right?
No, of course not. By law, they were free men and women but in reality, still enslaved by oppression and violence. Black bodies still hung from the branches. Some were even shot for their freedom. But freed men and women wanted to celebrate that they were just that: free.
They created a holiday that was originally called June the 19th but then it was kind of squeezed together and now it's Juneteenth. When they wanted to celebrate the first annual Juneteenth, segregation laws forbade them from using public spaces.
Okay. That's fine. We'll celebrate near rivers and lakes. They dressed in the fanciest clothes so they could combat laws that required them to wear ragged clothing. They ate barbecues, sang spirituals, and preached religious sermons. Strawberry soda was the drink of choice and they also ate a lot of red fruits and desserts like strawberry pie and red velvet cake to commemorate the blood that was spilled during slavery.
These rituals still occur in today's Juneteenth celebrations, whether it be parades, cookouts, or five-day festivals. And since whites didn't want to share their own spaces with blacks, blacks decided that they would raise their own funds for their own celebration sites such as Emancipation Park in Houston, Texas.
As the former Texas slaves decided to migrate across the country, so did the importance of Juneteenth which is also known as Emancipation Day or Freedom Day.
In 1980 Texas was the first state to declare Juneteenth a state holiday when state offices are not closed,d but partially staffed. So far, 45 states have recognized the historical significance of Juneteenth. And guess what? Alabama wasn't last this time. Alabama was the 40th state to do so, but it didn't get the same paid state holiday status as Confederate Memorial Day or Robert E. Lee Day.
There's also a national campaign that makes Juneteenth a federal holiday. Whitewashed textbooks didn't and still don't mention Juneteenth. Because of that a lot of people are still finding out about Juneteenth.
So whether you found out about Juneteenth decades ago, a few weeks ago, or even just now, don't worry. There will be plenty of cookouts, parades, and festivals to celebrate the resiliency of the black community.